1. Friedland, Nehemia, and Ariel Merari. "The Psychological Impact of Terrorism: A Double-Edged Sword." Political Psychology 6.4 (1985): 591-604. Web. 18 Apr 2011. |
This journal article talks about the psychological effects of terrorism. There was a poll taken on the Israeli public and their reactions to terrorism. From the poll there was a very strong result that terrorism is highly effective in inducing fear, but it also had a counter effect. Many people stated to have hardened feelings and that terrorism only strengthened them. Terrorism targets the more than just the immediate victims, and spreads through the public mind. Overall terrorisms ability to intimidate far exceeds its ability to cause physical damage. |
2. Waldron, Jeremy. "Terrorism and the Uses of Terror." Journal of Ethics 8.1 (2004): 5-35. Web. 18 Apr 2011. |
Terrorism isn’t always used for a coercive or intimidating outcome. There are many cases where it is used to punish, or to achieve political consequences for the actions. This paper does not talk about the morality of terror but instead focuses on how it is used and why it is used. There are other important questions that are brought up in the paper such as whether you should classify terrorism as a crime comparable to murder and robbery. It also states the U.S. definition of terrorism, which does not include the word terror but does say intimidate and coerce a civilian population or affect the conduct of a government. |
3. Jeff Victoroff. “The Mind of the Terrorist: A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches” The Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 49, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 3-42 |
Victoroff talks about the psychology of terrorism, and getting in the mind of a terrorist. He brings up the question of whether the current psychological theories of terrorism are supported by valid and objective research. From his research he found that there are little studies that have been done, and a fair amount of ideas behind terrorist behavior are guided by presumptions. There are about 109 academic definitions of terrorism, and there is a large lack of consensus between them. This is most likely due to the wide variety of terrorist behaviors, or to the problem that what some view as terrorists others might view as freedom fighters. There are also some statscics in the paper that talk about things like the fact that a large majority of terrorists are left-wing rather than right-wing, along with the fact that a large majority of female terrorists are left-wing. |
4. Claude Berrebi and Esteban F. Klor. “On Terrorism and Electoral Outcomes: Theory and Evidence from the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict” The Journal of Conflict Resolution |
This article talks about the elections in Israel based on the number of terrorist attacks in the region. From the data that they collected they found there is an influence on who wins an election based on the number of terrorist attacks in a certain period of time. They found that the support for the right wing parties increased during times of high incidences of terrorist attacks, but when there were relatively few then the support shifted more towards the left wing party. It also says that when in office the number of terrorist attacks decrease when the right wing is in power, and the number of terrorist attacks increase when the left wing is in power. |
5. Russell Hardin. “Civil Liberties in the Era of Mass Terrorism” |
This article highlights the effects that terrorism has on our civil rights, and how they have changed. One of the main topics brought up in the article is the problem of structing government to protect us from terrorism, but also structuring it in a way to protect us from the government itself. There seem to be two types of terrorism, those that are spontaneus usually with a one-on-one situation where there isnt much damage, but they are hard ot prevent. Then there are well organized attacks that surveillance might be able to prevent, but these bring up the major issues within the civil liberites that we have. It also talks about the problem of the false-positive and the terrorist screeing techniques from surveillance. So the United States has used stereotyping to make there screenings more accurate. We have now entered an era where our civil liberties will be stereotypical. |
6. Konstantinos Drakos and Ali M. Kutan. “Regional Effects of Terrorism on Tourism in Three Mediterranean Countries”The Journal of Conflict Resolution |
This article talks about a consequence that can go by unseen at times; tourism. It is compilation of the loss of tourism in the countries of Turkey, Israel, and Greece. Terrorist groups in turkey have lead to losses of up to 20% of tourism from other European countries. Turkey’s tourism accounts for about 25% of its external income, so a loss like that is felt greatly by the turkish economy. These countries were used in the study because of their realitvely high tourism rates, and also there are frequent terrorist attacks wihing the countries. |