Hebrew, Biblical   A Northwest Semitic language which emerged from its parent Canaanite language around 1400-1200 B.C.E. and was a living language for some 200 years.  Subsequently preserved as the language of sacred scripture among Jews, it has been resurrected as a living language in the modern state of Israel.   Bible Elliger, K. and W. Rudolph, eds.  Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia.   Minneapolis: Fortress, 2000. Scott, William R. and Hans Peter Ruger.  A Simplified Guide to BHS: Critical Apparatus, Masora, Accents, Unusual Letters and Other Markings 3d ed.  North Richland Hills, Texas: D. & F. Scott, 1995. Cohen, Abraham, ed.  Soncino Books of the Bible: Hebrew Text, English Translation and Commentary.  London: Soncino, 1945-52.   Dictionary Armstrong, Terry A., Douglas L. Busby and Cyril F. Carr.  A Reader's Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1989. Brown, Francis, with S. R. Driver and Charles A. Briggs.  The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon: With an Appendix Containing the Biblical Aramaic.  Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1996. Einspahr, Bruce.  Index to Brown, Driver and Briggs Hebrew Lexicon.   Chicago: Moody Press, 1976. Anderson, Francis I. and A. Dean Forbes.  The Vocabulary of the Old Testament.  Rome: Pontifical Institute of Biblical Studies, 1989. Einspahr, Bruce, comp.   Index to Brown, Driver and Briggs Hebrew Lexicon.  Chicago: Moody, 1976. Holladay, William Lee.  A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament: Based on the Lexical Work of Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner.  Grand Rapids, Michigan/ Leiden: Eerdmans/Brill, 1971. Koehler, Ludwig Hugo, Walter Baumgartner and J. J. Stamm, eds.  The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, Study Edition, 2 vols.  Leiden: Brill, 2001.   Concordance Even-Shoshan, Avraham.  A New Concordance of the Torah, Prophets and Writings.  Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer, 2000. Lisowsky, Gerhard.  Konkordanz zum Hebräischen Alten Testament, 2d ed.  Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1981. Mandelkern, Salomon.  Veteris Testamenti concordantiae hebraicae atque chaldaicae, rev. ed., ed. F. Margolin.  Graz: Akademische Druc- und Verlagsanstalt, 1955; original 1896. Wigram, George V.  The Englishman's Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance of the Old Testament, 5th ed.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1970.   Grammar Gesenius, William.  Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, 2d ed.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Lambdin, Thomas Oden.  Introduction to Biblical Hebrew.  New York: Scribner's, 1971. Seow, Choon L.  A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew, rev. ed.  Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon, 1995. Weingreen, Jacob.  A Practical Grammar for Classical Hebrew, 2d ed.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1959.   Grammatical Analysis Beall, Todd S., William A. Banks and Colin S. Smith.  Old Testament Parsing Guide, 2 vols., rev. ed.  Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman & Holman, 2000. Green, Jay P.  The Interlinear Bible, Hebrew-Greek-English.  Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson, 1986. Kohlenberger, John R., III, ed.  The NIV Interlinear Hebrew-English Old Testament.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: Regency Reference Library, 1987. © 2017 Catherine Murphy, Associate Professor cmurphy@scu.edu   Dept of Religious Studies, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053